每年的6月17日“全国防治荒凉化与干旱日”（World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought) 由聚合国于1994年设立，旨在栽植寰球防治地皮退化意志。
近日，《天然》杂志发表著作《中国的“三北”小心林工程助力结巴寰球荒凉化程度》及社论《中国“三北”小心林工程给全国的启示》，高度评价我国“三北”小心林工程的掌握成效，并指出其可为寰球其他地区很是吊祭洲地区提供鉴戒。
著作指出，为应付地皮干旱带来的挑战，寰球无边国度启动了大限制防治荒凉化指标，其中限制最大确当属中国“三北小心林工程”。现时，一些国度的大限制防治荒凉化样式因阑珊抓续的资金守旧和样式后续惊羡而失败，中国“三北”工程却箝制了这一魔咒。而其奏效的要道在于长期的计策辩论、可瞻望且抓续的资金参预，以及选藏饱读吹绿化工程辩论者鉴戒历史教学。
A pair of recent Nature articles — one comment and one editorial — highlighted that while many countries and regions have launched programs to fight desertification， green wall projects in many countries beyond China have struggled to survive.
Yet China's great green wall — the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program — thrives， thanks to its long-term strategies and predictable funding that incentivize local people and businesses to invest in restoration.
“三北”工程是在中国西北、华北、东北三北地区建设的大型东谈主工林业生态工程。工程于1978年启动，建设规模波及13个省（自治区、直辖市），占我国陆地总面积约46.7% 。
《天然》杂志指出，自启动以来，工程推动三北地区丛林遮蔽率从约5%增长到2023年的约14%，受泥土侵蚀影响的面积减少2/3，沙尘暴的强度和发生频率权贵缩小，北京等受下风向影响的城市空气质地昭着改善。
The Three-North program， a large-scale ecological afforestation project launched in 1978， covers 13 provincial-level regions across northwestern， northern and northeastern China. By 2023， it had nearly tripled forest cover — from about 5 percent to about 14 percent — while soil erosion had declined by two-thirds.
2025年10月20日，从空中俯瞰甘肃省张掖市临泽县北部的“三北”小心林网 图源：东方IC
“三北”工程启动以来，中国政府抓续加大荒凉化防治参预，制定出台《防沙治沙法》，将防沙治沙规律纳入各级政府发展辩论。同期，国产精品扒开大腿爽爽爽的视频通过激发规律蛊卦当地住户和企业投资生态成立样式，确保资金抓续参预。
以库布其沙漠为例，当地企业和牧民开展荒凉化防治使命可取得低息贷款并享受税收减免政策，2010年以来此类贷款已蛊卦跨越30亿元东谈主民币投资。
As most green wall projects fail due to a lack of continued finance and maintenance， China has repeatedly committed to funding the project， and its incentives for local investment have ensured that the stream of funding never dries up.
In the Kubuqi Desert， for example， enterprises and herders can obtain low-interest loans and tax reductions for sand control， a policy package that has attracted more than 3 billion yuan in investment since 2010.
中国林业科学参谋院首席科学家卢琦是“三北”工程的常客，对政府激发政策在工程鼓吹中的强大作用有着亲自体会。
在年月吉次走访内蒙古自治区时，卢琦被当地工程东谈主员的使命眷注深深打动。尽管天气凉爽，治沙使命早在2月28日就运行了。卢琦暗示，这种眷注的首要原因是紧迫需要建设一个更好的家园，政府的政策也使当地农民和牧民大约看到切实的利益。
“每个东谈主王人在赶着参与，他们的眷注是无法遏制的。”卢琦说。
\"Everyone is rushing to take part， and their enthusiasm is irrepressible，\" Lu said after a recent visit to the Inner Mongolia autonomous region.
《天然》杂志强调，随着情景变化使寰球干旱地区进一步扩大，中国“三北”工程的鉴戒意思意思也愈加突显。但著作同期也指出，由于法律和财政才调上的互异，中国的财政策略不可被约略复制。
对任何国度而言，切实可行的第一步是将防沙治沙从短期的林业样式栽植为政府层面的长期职守。来自他国的外部救援哄骗于撬动国内配套资金，而非充任一次性现款注入。
But China's financial strategies cannot simply be replicated in countries with different laws and fiscal capacities.
\"A practical first step for any country is to elevate sand control from a short-term forestry project to a long-term government-level obligation，\" the Nature comment said. \"External aid should be used to leverage domestic cofinance， rather than serve as a one-off cash injection.\"
另外，资源较为匮乏的国度不错鉴戒中国教学在墟落、谈路和抽水站等高价值钞票隔邻安设限制较小的光伏带。天然这些样式需要大王人的前期投资，但电力销售不错为惊羡提供可瞻望的收入。
In countries with fewer resources， smaller photovoltaic systems could be installed near high-value assets such as roads and water pumping stations. While these projects require substantial up-front investment， electricity sales could provide predictable revenue for maintenance.
《天然》杂志社论指出，列国政府需要将生态成立视为一项投资，而非本钱。而中国“三北”工程的教学正好印证了这少量——当理念从“参预”转向“投资”后，答复格外权贵。
The Nature editorial stressed that another key lesson from China's experience is that governments in other countries need to view ecological restoration as an investment， not as a cost.
记者：侯黎强
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